Background: Macrophages play a central role in systemic iron homeostasis by recycling iron from senescent erythrocytes through the only known cellular iron exporter, ferroportin (Fpn). Previous studies have shown that Fpn localizes to membrane microdomains, or lipid rafts, which are important for its function and regulation by hepcidin. Iron strongly promotes the enrichment of Fpn in lipid rafts. However, the proteomic composition of these domains during iron overload remains largely unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to characterize iron-induced changes in the macrophage lipid raft proteome in order to identify potential functional partners of Fpn and better define the cellular mechanisms involved in the response to iron overload. Methods: Quantitative iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was performed on detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) isolated by iodixanol density-gradient ultracentrifugation from J774a.1 macrophages treated with iron-NTA (FeNTA). Key proteomic observations were further validated in both J774a.1 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) using western blot, cell-surface biotinylation, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. The regulatory role of the transcription factor Nrf2 was also assessed using Nrf2-knockout mouse models. Results: In addition of Fpn, our lipid raft proteome identified 79 proteins significatively upregulated upon iron treatment, including, antioxidant proteins like the peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx1), the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase X-linked (G6pdx), as well as heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1). Bioinformatic and functional analyses indicated that this response is associated with nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which is required for the transcriptional induction of Fpn and Hmox1. Whereas Fpn was detected in lipid rafts under basal conditions, Hmox1 was recruited to these domains only after iron or heme treatment. Confocal microscopy and cell-surface biotinylation assays confirmed that Hmox1 and Fpn colocalize at the plasma membrane, particularly within caveolae, specialized invaginated lipid raft domains. Conclusions: Iron or heme overload induces a major remodeling of the macrophage membrane, leading to the formation of specialized lipid raft platforms enriched in antioxidant and iron handling proteins. The coordinated localization of Hmox1 and Fpn at the cell surface suggests a coupled mechanism linking heme catabolism to iron export. This organization may help limit intracellular iron accumulation and protect the plasma membrane from iron-mediated lipid peroxidation.
WILLEMETZ, A., AURIAC, A., FEDERICI, C., ROBERT, L., LEDUC, M., CAMOIN, L., CANONNE-HERGAUX, F.
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