Objective:To characterize gut microbiota dysbiosis in hypertension and investigate its multilevel interactions with the host immune system. Methods: Integrated multi-cohort microbiome data were used to evaluate microbial diversity, differential abundance, and co-occurrence network features between individuals with hypertension and healthy controls. The scBPS framework was applied to analyze microbiome-cell associations, enabling the resolution of relationships between key microbial taxa and functional states of immune cells at single-cell resolution. Results: Several potentially protective genera reduced in hypertension and occupied central topological positions in the co-occurrence networks. Single-cell analyses further demonstrated that multiple key genera were closely associated with the functional states of monocytes and T cells (p<0.05). Specifically, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium were associated with the proliferation and repair of classical monocytes; Butyricimonas showed a negative association with antigen processing and presentation pathways in monocytes; and Oscillospira promoted the transition of dnT cells toward an immunoregulatory state, suggesting its potential role in immune homeostasis. Conclusions: Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal that hypertension-associated gut microbes may contribute to disease development through immune regulation, providing insights into microbiome-immune interaction mechanisms and potential targets for precision interventions.
Lai, W., Huang, S., Zhang, Y., Lai, S., Sun, S., Tang, F., Yan, H., Yang, F.
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