The complexity--stability debate in ecology remains unresolved in part because its empirical basis is limited. Most evidence for the predicted decline of connectance with species richness comes from food webs, leaving unclear whether this pattern extends across the full spectrum of ecological interactions. Moreover, existing results remain conceptually unresolved: connectance decreases with diversity, yet both the total number of interactions and the number of interactions per species increase. Here, we analyze 1,500 ecological interaction networks spanning diverse habitats and interaction types. We show that these patterns are broadly shared across ecological interaction networks and can be interpreted through a recent theory of information dynamics in complex networks, in which sparsity is favored by a trade-off between signal propagation and response diversity. Our results suggest that the structural component of the debate may indeed reflect a general architectural regularity of ecological communities rather than a contradiction between theory and nature.
Gimenez-Romero, A., Oro, D., Bascompte, J., Genovart, M.
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