Lysolipin I (1) is a highly bioactive xanthone with strong antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. Given the limited number of lysolipin analogues, discovery of new natural lysolipin derivatives is important for understanding their structure-activity relationships. A soil-derived Streptomyces sp. P8-2B18 harbors a putative lysolipin biosynthetic gene cluster and LC-MS based metabolomic analysis revealed the production of lysolipin I along with unreported analogues. Large-scale fermentation followed by isolation led to the discovery of four new analogues, lysolipins J-M (2-5), the structures of which were elucidated by mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic data analyses. Lysolipin L features a five-membered lactam F ring, which was unprecedented in reported lysolipins. Lysolipin M has a novel skeleton, with an extra methyl (Me-36) and a glycosyl group replacing a 1,3-oxane ring in lysolipin I. While lysolipins I, J and K displayed strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus flavus with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 4 g/mL and lysolipin L showed only moderate activities, lysolipin M was inactive (>50 g/mL). Lysolipins I-K showed potent cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2B, with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. In contrast, lysolipin L exhibited no cytotoxicity and lysolipin M exhibited substantially reduced potency. Their broad, non-selective bioactivities restricted their applicability as therapeutic agents.
Mohamed, M. M. M. M., Lum, K. Y., Liu, Y., Moreira, J., Ding, L., Strube, M. L., Rosenbaum, M., Souza, L. D. O., Gotfredsen, C. H., Kirton, S. B., Peschel, G.
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